DNA: The Molecule of Life
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DNA Structure |
Chargaff's Rule | |
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DNA and Replication PowerPoint | |
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Now that we have learned about the structure of DNA and how it makes copies (replicates), we will now learn why DNA is called the "blueprint of life". We learn how DNA makes up genes that hold the codes for making proteins. We will then discover how proteins not only control the cell's activities, but are also responsible for our traits (what makes you, you!).
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gene_to_protein_web_activity.doc | |
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Sometimes mutations occur, changing the DNA sequence. Mutations can have little effect, or have a catastrophic effect depending on what kind they are. A substitution mutation replaces one nitrogen base with another. The codon it belongs to may actually code for the same amino acid (see the chart above to see how this could happen). This would not cause any problems. However, this mutation may code for a different amino acid. This would create a different or defective protein. Insertion (inserting a nitrogen base) or deletion (removing a nitrogen base) causes something called a frameshift mutation. This type of mutation causes serious problems with protein production.
Here's an analogy to help....
If you choose an incorrect answer on your science test and recorded it on your answer sheet, you would only get that answer wrong. This is like a substitution mutation.
Now, if you answer all your questions correctly, but forgot to record your first answer on your answer sheet, all your answers will "shift" up by one. This could be catastrophic to your test grade. This is like a deletion mutation (you forgot to record an answer), and will result in a frameshift mutation (all your answers will shift up by one).
Here's an analogy to help....
If you choose an incorrect answer on your science test and recorded it on your answer sheet, you would only get that answer wrong. This is like a substitution mutation.
Now, if you answer all your questions correctly, but forgot to record your first answer on your answer sheet, all your answers will "shift" up by one. This could be catastrophic to your test grade. This is like a deletion mutation (you forgot to record an answer), and will result in a frameshift mutation (all your answers will shift up by one).
Mutations-Amoeba sisters WS | |
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CHNOPS Lab | |
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flower_dissection.doc | |
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How are traits inherited? As you already know, genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins and its these proteins that determines your traits. You receive one copy of each gene from your mom and one from your dad during sexual reproduction. There are the versions of the genes that you receive from your parents are called alleles. Alleles can be dominant (strong) or recessive (weak). Dominant alleles are written using uppercase letters; recessive alleles are written using lowercase letters. Because you inherit two copies of these alleles, there are three possible combinations:
Homozygous dominant- in this combination, you receive two dominant alleles (i.e., RR)
Homozygous recessive- in this combination, you receive two recessive alleles (i.e., rr)
Heterozygous- in the combination, you receive one dominant and one recessive allele (i.e., Rr)
Homozygous means the ‘same’ (homo-means one or the same), and heterozygous means ‘different’.
Homozygous dominant- in this combination, you receive two dominant alleles (i.e., RR)
Homozygous recessive- in this combination, you receive two recessive alleles (i.e., rr)
Heterozygous- in the combination, you receive one dominant and one recessive allele (i.e., Rr)
Homozygous means the ‘same’ (homo-means one or the same), and heterozygous means ‘different’.
Genetics PowerPoint Notes | |
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The Inheritance of Genes Activity | |
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DNA and Genetics Study Guide | |
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DNA and Genetics Jeopardy | |
File Size: | 1184 kb |
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